While in the bR state, the protein is placed in a transparent vessel called a cuvette, measuring 1 x 1 x 2 inches. The cuvette is then filled with a gel. The protein is fixed in place by the solidification of the gel. 2 arrays of lasers – one red and one green – are used to read and write data while a blue laser is used for erasing.

We will start in the bR state of the photocycle. A group of molecules is targeted and hit by the green laser array, also known as the Paging lasers. These molecules are now in the O state which represents binary 0. A bacteriorhodospin storage system is slow. Although molecules change states in microseconds (millionths of a second), it’s slow when compared to semiconductor memory which has an access time measured in nanoseconds.

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